It is easy to forget that our 2-D images are actually representations of 3-D gas bodies, that are acting according to 4-D dynamics. In day to day life, we have many clues that we can rely upon including parallax views, perspective rules, lights and shadows, and actual physical interaction that we can use to assess the nature of objects in 3-D and 3+1 space. Unfortunately many of these clues are absent or confusing in our deep space objects. In this post, we analyze a 2-D image of the Great Orion Nebula and stellar nursery including its shape and orientation in 3-D space. Along the way, we will present an understanding of the three principle gas types in deep space photography
Thermodynamic Cloud Collapse & Me vs Gravity & Grok

Since I began working on this website, I have been using AI to fetch equations, data, and history. In general, I don’t bother discussing things much with AI, because typically AI relies on authority – number of journal articles, citations, simulations, status indicators, and other non-scientific bases to form its opinions. Me, on the other hand, I take the Richard Feynman philosophy that “Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts“. If AI believes you are straying from its narrative, it tries to “correct” you and actually let you know that what you are asking for is wrong. It finds something it agrees with, and then, tries to interject that it was at least somewhat right all along. It
Video Post – How Friction Creates a Galaxy’s Spirals

The videos presented here represent a culmination of my analysis of spiral galactic structure. The conventional explanations of how spiral work try to shoe-horn the partial differential equations of Navier-Stokes and Maxwell, into the ordinary ones of astro-physicist’s simulations and this leads to gross misrepresentations. It is like an illness in the popular scientific community that is directly related, although less political, to the climate simulators and their ODE simulations of our dynamic, convective atmosphere. “Unicorn” constructs, such as gravity density waves are really how the ODE solutions are tricked into giving realistic results. Shortcuts to PDEs, such as “Ram Pressure”, are elevated to the position of real explanations. There videos take a overview look at how spiral galaxies really


