Anatomy of the Orion Nebula – Imaging and imagining 3-D Gas Bodies

Anatomy of the Orion Nebula – Imaging and imagining 3-D Gas Bodies

It is easy to forget that our 2-D images are actually representations of 3-D gas bodies, that are acting according to 4-D dynamics. In day to day life, we have many clues that we can rely upon including parallax views, perspective rules, lights and shadows, and actual physical interaction that we can use to assess the nature of objects in 3-D and 3+1 space. Unfortunately many of these clues are absent or confusing in our deep space objects. In this post, we analyze a 2-D image of the Great Orion Nebula and stellar nursery including its shape and orientation in 3-D space. Along the way, we will present an understanding of the three principle gas types in deep space photography

The Anatomy of a Stellar Nursery

The Anatomy of a Stellar Nursery

Introducing the Rosette Nebula / Stellar Nursery When I first started to image stellar nurseries, I really didn’t know anything about them.  I was told that stars are being born there – that is pretty awesome, but I was curious what was it about these light generating molecular clouds (MCs) that made them prolific star builders.   Sure, stars are also created in turbulent dark molecular clouds, but stellar nurseries really churn out the stars at a much higher level – often creating whole open clusters of stars.   Many of the stellar nurseries get very large and can even be mapped from their Halpha light signal in other galaxies.   Ok, so my interest was piqued – I had to figure out

Star Nucleation Amped Up by Tidal Effects

Star Nucleation Amped Up by Tidal Effects

Spiral galaxies can vary widely in the amount of stars they are generating. It is asserted that star nucleation, via the imposition of high pressure over small volumes of molecular cloud, is the rate determining step. Turbulence of molecular clouds in galaxies is greatly increased when the chaotic, but stable, spiral galactic structure is disturbed by tidal effects of nearby galaxies. In this posting, the three main galaxies of the Leo triplet are used to illustrate and link the chain of events from tidal influence to rapid star production in the galaxies we image.

The Hidden Galaxy – Now you see it

The Hidden Galaxy – Now you see it

IC342/Caldwell 5 – The Hidden Galaxy in LHaRGB Planewave CDK 12.5in; AP 1100GTO AE; QHY600M, – Baader Cmos Opt Broadband and 6.5nm Ha FiltersL: (50 x 180s, Bin 1, Gain 100); H: (29 x 720s Bin 1, Gain 100); R,G,B: (25,23,22 x 210s, Bin 1, Gain 100)Total integration time = 12.4 hrs (Feb 10-12, 2025) Maple Bay, BC, Canada For full resolution, downloadable image, visit my gallery at Victoria RASC Zenfolio or Astobin The Hidden Galaxy gets its name from its position in the sky, near the Milky Way and partly obscured by our galaxy’s dust.   If not for the dust, IC342 would be visible with the naked eye and occupy about the same size as the moon. In reality

The Cave Nebula and Hydrogen’s Journey

The Cave Nebula and Hydrogen’s Journey

One cannot understand the creation of stars from molecular hydrogen clouds any more than one can understand the weather here on earth without reference to thermodynamics. The weather is largely driven by water in gaseous (vapour), liquid (rain, clouds) and solid (snow, ice and ice crystals) forms. Knowing the pressures and temperatures at which these physical phase states occur is fundamental for both water in its role of creating weather, and for hydrogen in its role of creating both stars and the galaxy itself. Every atom and molecule of hydrogen must undergo and piecewise continuous journey through its phase/space – there is no leaping allowed, and the conditions must exist somewhere in a system for phase transitions to occur.
In our description of galaxies, we discuss the atomic and molecular phase states of hydrogen, but here we illustrate and explain the rest of the phase/state journey that hydrogen, at least at the nucleus of a star, must undergo to enable star formation. This is a journey from molecular gas all the way to becoming a hot, molten, liquid metal.

Swirls, Eddies, and Star Nucleation in Molecular Clouds

Swirls, Eddies, and Star Nucleation in Molecular Clouds

The popular notion that stars are created by the spontaneous, adiabatic collapse of molecular clouds is challenged. Instead, a more physically realistic model of protostar nucleation through hydrogen/dust condensation is proposed here (and in other postings) on this website) as well as by many other astronomers and astrophyscists elsewhere. Thermodynamics dictate that such condensation requires relatively cold and places within the cloud enable such condensation coupled with possible dew/sublimation point elevation. The high pressures required is likely provides by turbulence – both viscous and electromagnetic as evidenced by independent simulations. We can also see that for ourselves in our images of molecular clouds.